2025年3月13日 星期四

如果我建構我的IPSec,我應該避免那些在ISP路由中使用的嗎?

 The Answer: Yes, It's Highly Recommended to Avoid Overlapping IP Ranges

Here's why:

  • Routing Conflicts:
    • If your IPsec VPN tunnel uses the same IP address range as your ISP's CGNAT, you'll create routing conflicts.
    • Your computer or network devices won't know whether to send traffic through the VPN tunnel or to the ISP's CGNAT.
    • This will result in unpredictable behavior, connectivity problems, and potential security issues.  
  • Packet Confusion:
    • When packets travel through a network, routers rely on IP addresses to determine their destination.  
    • Overlapping IP ranges can lead to confusion and incorrect routing, causing packets to be lost or delivered to the wrong destination.  
  • Troubleshooting Nightmares:
    • Diagnosing network problems becomes incredibly difficult when IP ranges overlap.  
    • It's hard to distinguish between issues caused by your VPN and issues caused by the ISP's CGNAT.

How to Avoid Overlapping IP Ranges:

  1. Choose Private IP Ranges:
    • Stick to the standard private IP address ranges defined in RFC 1918:
      • 10.0.0.0/8  
      • 172.16.0.0/12  
      • 192.168.0.0/16  
  2. Use Unique Subnets:
    • Even within the private IP ranges, use unique subnets for your VPN tunnel.
    • For example, if your home network uses 192.168.1.1/24, use 10.10.10.0/24 or 172.17.0.0/24 for your VPN tunnel.
  3. Check ISP Documentation (If Possible):
    • Some ISPs might publish information about the IP address ranges they use for CGNAT.
    • If you can find this information, avoid those ranges.
  4. Use less common Private Ranges:
    • If you are extra paranoid, you could use a range inside of the 172.16.0.0/12, that is not commonly used by home routers. For example 172.30.0.0/24.

In essence:

  • Avoid any IP address ranges that you see in traceroute results when you're behind CGNAT.
  • Using standard private IP ranges and unique subnets will help you avoid routing conflicts and ensure a stable VPN connection.

please answer in tradtional chinese with previous answer, thank you .

好的,當然。以下是針對您先前問題的繁體中文回答:

您的問題:

「好的,我的意思是如果我建構我的IPSec,我應該避免那些在ISP路由中使用的嗎?」

回答:

是的,絕對應該避免使用您的ISP在CGNAT(營運商級網路位址轉換)路由中使用的IP位址範圍來建構您的IPSec VPN。

原因如下:

  • 路由衝突:
    • 如果您的IPSec VPN通道使用與您的ISP的CGNAT相同的IP位址範圍,您將會產生路由衝突。
    • 您的電腦或網路裝置將無法判斷流量應該透過VPN通道傳送還是傳送到ISP的CGNAT。
    • 這將導致不可預測的行為、連線問題以及潛在的安全問題。
  • 封包混淆:
    • 當封包在網路中傳輸時,路由器依靠IP位址來確定其目的地。
    • 重疊的IP範圍可能導致混淆和錯誤的路由,導致封包遺失或傳送到錯誤的目的地。
  • 故障排除的惡夢:
    • 當IP範圍重疊時,診斷網路問題變得非常困難。
    • 很難區分是由您的VPN引起的問題還是由ISP的CGNAT引起的問題。

如何避免重疊的IP範圍:

  1. 選擇私有IP範圍:
    • 堅持使用RFC 1918中定義的標準私有IP位址範圍:
      • 10.0.0.0/8
      • 172.16.0.0/12
      • 192.168.0.0/16
  2. 使用唯一的子網路:
    • 即使在私有IP範圍內,也為您的VPN通道使用唯一的子網路。
    • 例如,如果您的家庭網路使用192.168.1.1/24,則為您的VPN通道使用10.10.10.0/24或172.17.0.0/24。
  3. 檢查ISP文件(如果可能):
    • 某些ISP可能會發布有關他們用於CGNAT的IP位址範圍的資訊。
    • 如果可以找到此資訊,請避免這些範圍。
  4. 使用較不常見的私有範圍:
    • 如果你非常在意,你可以使用在172.16.0.0/12中,較不被家用路由器使用的範圍,例如172.30.0.0/24。

總而言之:

  • 避免在您位於CGNAT後面時在traceroute結果中看到的任何IP位址範圍。
  • 使用標準私有IP範圍和唯一的子網路將有助於您避免路由衝突並確保穩定的VPN連線。

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